Putnins P2 Projection
Mar 24,2026

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Introduction

Putnins P2 Projection is a pseudocylindrical equal-area map projection proposed by R. V. Putnins in 1934, primarily used for creating thematic world maps. This projection employs a specific mathematical method to transform the curved geometric features of the Earth onto a plane. It is characterized by a central meridian that is a straight line with a length half that of the equator, and parallels that are straight lines parallel to the equator, with spacing decreasing as latitude increases. There is no distortion along the central meridian or at latitudes 36°46′ N/S, but distortion gradually increases farther away from these areas.

Projection Basic

The Putnins P2 Projection is a pseudocylindrical equal-area projection. Its central meridian is a straight line half the length of the equator, and the parallels are straight lines perpendicular to the central meridian, with spacing progressively decreasing at higher latitudes. This design achieves zero distortion along the central meridian and at latitudes 36°46′ N/S, while distortion gradually increases away from these areas. It balances shape and area distortion overall and is suitable for equal-area representation in global thematic maps.

Pros

Equal-area property: The Putnins P2 Projection is a pseudocylindrical equal-area projection that maintains area proportions consistent with those on the Earth's surface. This feature makes it especially suitable for global thematic maps that require accurate representation of geographic area distribution, such as population distribution or resource distribution maps.
Central meridian design: The projection's central meridian is a straight line with a length half that of the equator. This design provides good visual balance in the central region of the map and helps readers quickly locate geographic features near the central meridian.
Parallels parallel and perpendicular to the central meridian: The parallels are straight lines parallel to the equator and perpendicular to the central meridian. This design results in relatively uniform distortion along the latitudinal direction, facilitating comparisons of geographic features across different latitudinal zones.
No distortion in specific areas: There is zero distortion along the central meridian and at latitudes 36°46′ N/S. This means that shape and area at these critical points are exactly as they appear on the Earth's surface, enhancing the map's accuracy.

Cons

Increased distortion away from central areas: Distortion gradually increases with distance from the central meridian and from latitudes 36°46′ N/S. Distortion in shape and area is particularly noticeable in high-latitude regions and near the edges of the map. This may affect the reader's accurate interpretation of geographic features farther from the central areas.
Primarily suitable for global maps: The Putnins P2 Projection was designed specifically for creating global thematic maps. As such, it may not be suitable for regional maps or large-scale mapping applications where other projection methods may better meet requirements.
Non-conformal and non-equidistant properties: This projection is neither conformal (i.e., it does not preserve local angular relationships) nor equidistant (i.e., it does not preserve distance ratios). As a result, angular or distance measurements taken from the map may differ significantly from actual values on the Earth's surface. Therefore, caution is required when using this projection for precise geographic measurements or analysis.

Application Scenario

Due to its equal-area property, the Putnins P2 Projection is often used in thematic mapmaking where accurate representation of global area proportions is essential. It is well-suited for displaying data such as population distribution, resource distribution, or environmental change, ensuring accurate area comparisons across regions. Its clean pseudocylindrical design also makes it suitable for global overview maps in educational or science communication contexts.