Lambert Conformal Conic (EPSG:Multi-region code)
Nov 5,2025

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Introduction

Lambert Conformal Conic is a conformal conic projection coordinate system proposed by German mathematician Lambert. It projects the earth's surface onto a cone surface, keeping the angle unchanged but with length deformation. It is often used for mapping in mid-latitude areas. The coordinate system is divided into two forms: the positive axis (symmetric along the standard parallel) and the oblique axis, which is suitable for map applications with moderate regional scope.

Coordinate System Composition

Projection Types:

Normal Lambert Projection: The cone's axis coincides with the Earth's axis of rotation, and the standard parallels are typically symmetrically distributed.
Oblique Lambert Projection: The cone's axis does not coincide with the Earth's axis of rotation, making it suitable for regions with asymmetric distributions.

Standard Parallels: The Lambert projection typically employs two standard parallels (in the case of a secant cone projection), where there is no distortion in the projection along these parallels.
Origin Parameters:

Longitude and Latitude Origin: The reference point for longitude and latitude in the coordinate system, usually set at (0°, 0°).
Coordinate Offsets: To avoid negative coordinate values, the X and Y coordinates are often shifted, such as by 500 kilometers eastward and 1000 kilometers northward.

Ellipsoid Parameters:

Semi-major Axis (a): Defines the size of the ellipsoid.
Flattening (f): Describes the degree of flattening of the ellipsoid, affecting the accuracy and distortion of the projection.

Coordinate Units: The units in a plane rectangular coordinate system are typically meters, used to represent distances and areas.

Pros

Minimal Angular Distortion: As a conformal projection, the Lambert projection maintains the accuracy of directions and shapes, making it suitable for scenarios requiring precise angular measurements, such as navigation and aviation.
Strong Applicability in Mid-Latitude Regions: In mid-latitude areas extending east-west (e.g., China, Europe), it exhibits relatively balanced distortions in length and area, making it ideal for large-scale map production.
Clear Projection Logic: By controlling distortion through standard parallels, it allows for easy parameter adjustments based on regional characteristics, enhancing map accuracy.

Cons

Significant Distortion in Polar and High-Latitude Regions: Near the poles or in high-latitude areas, the Lambert projection exhibits notable distortion, making it unsuitable for polar mapping.
Limited Applicability in North-South Extended Regions: For areas with extensive north-south elongation (e.g., South America), the Lambert projection has weaker distortion control, potentially leading to map inaccuracies.
High Computational Complexity: Compared to simpler projections (e.g., Mercator), the Lambert projection involves more complex mathematical calculations, requiring higher data processing capabilities.

Application Scenario

The Lambert projection coordinate system is mainly used for mapping of mid-latitude east-west extending areas, such as administrative maps, topographic maps and aeronautical charts of China, Europe and North America. Its equiangular characteristics make it suitable for applications that require precise directions. In addition, it is also commonly used in large-scale engineering surveys and meteorological and climate analysis, but its applicability is limited in the polar regions or long and narrow north-south regions (such as South America) due to its large deformation.