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PIX (PCI Geomatics Database File) is a file format used to store and process image and raster data. The PIX format is often used to process remote sensing data, such as satellite images, digital elevation models, and meteorological data. It is a binary format that can store multi-channel, multi-resolution data, supports image compression, and can store metadata and geospatial information.

A projected coordinate system is a plane coordinate system whose map units are usually meters or kilometers. It is obtained from the projection of the earth’s approximate ellipsoid and corresponds to a geographic coordinate system. A projected coordinate system uses a coordinate system based on X and Y values to describe the location of a point on the earth.

WL files usually stand for Workspace Files, which play an important role in saving and managing geographic data and related settings in MapGIS. They help users maintain the consistency of their work status and provide convenient data access and analysis functions.

ASC (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) file format is a 3D text format developed by Autodesk for easier exchange of 3D data between various 3D modeling software. ASC files save 3D graphics (containing geometric points and shape information) in ASCII text format and can be opened in any text editor, but to view the 3D graphics, the file must be opened in 3D Studio Max, AutoCAD or other CAD software that supports the ASC format.

UTM projection (Universal Transverse Mercator) is a coordinate system that divides the earth’s surface into zones and applies the Transverse Mercator projection to each zone. By dividing the earth into 60 zones, each zone is 6 degrees longitude apart, and projecting independently in each zone, high-precision plane rectangular coordinates can be obtained.

IMDF (Indoor Map Data Format) is an indoor mapping data format developed by Apple to provide indoor navigation and location information services. IMDF is based on the GeoJSON data format and can store information such as building structure, floors, facilities, entrances and exits, passages, POIs (points of interest) in a standardized form. This format is widely used in indoor map systems and applications such as Apple Maps, and plays an important role in GIS (Geographic Information System), facility management and smart city projects.

ESRI (Environmental Systems Research Institute) is a leading global provider of geographic information system (GIS) software, headquartered in California, USA. Founded in 1969, the company focuses on providing geospatial data collection, management, analysis and visualization solutions. ESRI’s products are widely used in urban planning, disaster management, environmental monitoring, transportation, agriculture, disaster prevention and other fields, and are widely adopted by government agencies, enterprises and research institutions around the world.

JP2 is the file extension of JPEG 2000, which indicates an image file compressed using the JPEG 2000 compression algorithm. JPEG 2000 is an improvement and extension of the traditional JPEG image compression algorithm, which uses a compression technology based on wavelet transform. This format plays an important role in digital image processing, providing an efficient and reliable way to store and transmit image data.

ITRF2020 (International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2020) is the latest earth reference frame officially released by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) in 2022. The ITRF series is designed to define positions and motions on the earth with high precision. ITRF2020 is the successor to the traditional ITRF2014, and its updates are designed to improve the accuracy of observation techniques and respond to crustal movements. The reference frame is constructed from data from four observation techniques: VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry), SLR (Satellite Laser Ranging), GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and DORIS (Doppler Orbiting Integrated with Radio Positioning).

The full name of STEP is Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data. It is an international standard 3D CAD data exchange format. The standard number is IS10303. STEP file is an internationally used 3D model data exchange format. The extension is usually step or .stp. It can share data between different CAD software, which is very convenient.