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**SDB **(Spatial Database) is a data format used to efficiently store, manage, and parse geospatial data. It is usually one of the file geodatabase formats used in ESRI’s ArcGIS platform, and can store a large amount of geographic information in a structured manner. SDB is widely used in vector and raster data management in geographic information systems (GIS) and is suitable for large-scale spatial data processing and visualization.

Geodetic Coordinate System 2002, also known as GCJ-02 or nonlinear confidentiality processing technology for topographic maps, is a coordinate system for geographic information systems developed by the China National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation in 2002. It is an encryption algorithm for longitude and latitude data. By adding random deviations, the real coordinates are encrypted into false coordinates to achieve the confidentiality of geographic information. The Mars coordinate system is widely used in domestic map services, such as Amap and Baidu Maps, which must use this coordinate system to encrypt geographic locations.