All-in-One Lightweight GIS Platform

PZ-90 (Parameters of the Earth Ellipsoid 1990) is a georeferenced coordinate system developed by Russia for its global navigation satellite system GLONASS.

JGD2011 is a modern geocentric coordinate reference frame established by Japan in the early 21st century to replace the old Tokyo Datum (such as Tokyo 1918). Its core is based on the GRS80 ellipsoid, with the origin aligned with the center of mass of the earth, and the coordinate axis pointing in accordance with international standards (such as the prime meridian passing through Greenwich). This framework is implemented through space geodetic technologies such as GNSS and VLBI, with an accuracy of centimeters. It can dynamically reflect plate movement and earth deformation, and is suitable for high-precision geographic positioning needs in Japan and surrounding waters, and is gradually connected with international coordinate systems (such as ITRF).

Tokyo Datum (Tokyo 1918 | EPSG:4301) is a geodetic reference frame adopted by Japan in the early days. Its ellipsoidal parameters (such as the major semi-axis and inverse flattening) are set based on old surveying techniques, and the prime meridian passes through the original site of the Tokyo Observatory (not Greenwich). This coordinate system is mainly used for mapping and engineering surveying in Japan. After its establishment in 1918, it has long served the Japanese geographic information field. However, due to technical limitations, its accuracy and compatibility with international standards have gradually fallen behind.

GDA2020 is the latest geocentric coordinate reference frame launched by Australia in 2020. It is consistent with ITRF2014, providing the position and long-term velocity of the base station at the reference epoch, and includes the post-seismic deformation caused by large earthquakes and the annual and semi-annual parameter models. The accuracy of GDA2020 is improved compared to ITRF2014, and can meet the needs of high-precision geolocation and measurement.

NAD83 (North American Datum 1983) is a geographic coordinate system (geographic reference system) widely used in North America, especially in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. It is a modernized, high-precision version of the previously used NAD27 (North American Datum 1927), developed with a focus on compatibility with GPS technology. Its EPSG code is 4269.

ITRF2014 is the latest version of the International Earth Reference Frame. It is built based on multi-technical integrated observation data, providing high-precision earth coordinates and motion parameters, and providing a unified benchmark for geological research, space activities and geodesy.

Geodetic Coordinate System 2002, also known as GCJ-02 or nonlinear confidentiality processing technology for topographic maps, is a coordinate system for geographic information systems developed by the China National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation in 2002. It is an encryption algorithm for longitude and latitude data. By adding random deviations, the real coordinates are encrypted into false coordinates to achieve the confidentiality of geographic information. The Mars coordinate system is widely used in domestic map services, such as Amap and Baidu Maps, which must use this coordinate system to encrypt geographic locations.

ED50 is a European geodetic datum established in 1950. It is based on the overall adjustment of the European triangulated network and adopts Clarke ellipsoid parameters. It is mainly used for topographic surveying, mapping and early geographic information system (GIS) applications in Europe.

ITRF2020 (International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2020) is the latest earth reference frame officially released by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) in 2022. The ITRF series is designed to define positions and motions on the earth with high precision. ITRF2020 is the successor to the traditional ITRF2014, and its updates are designed to improve the accuracy of observation techniques and respond to crustal movements. The reference frame is constructed from data from four observation techniques: VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry), SLR (Satellite Laser Ranging), GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and DORIS (Doppler Orbiting Integrated with Radio Positioning).

Baidu Coordinate System (BD09), also known as Baidu Coordinate System, is a coordinate system developed by Baidu to meet the special needs of geographic information systems in mainland China. It is encrypted based on the WGS84 coordinate system (World Geodetic System 1984) to ensure accurate geographic positioning services within mainland China.