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JGD2011 is a modern geocentric coordinate reference frame established by Japan in the early 21st century to replace the old Tokyo Datum (such as Tokyo 1918). Its core is based on the GRS80 ellipsoid, with the origin aligned with the center of mass of the earth, and the coordinate axis pointing in accordance with international standards (such as the prime meridian passing through Greenwich). This framework is implemented through space geodetic technologies such as GNSS and VLBI, with an accuracy of centimeters. It can dynamically reflect plate movement and earth deformation, and is suitable for high-precision geographic positioning needs in Japan and surrounding waters, and is gradually connected with international coordinate systems (such as ITRF).

E02 file is part of the ArcInfo export file (E00 format) developed by ESRI (Environmental Systems Research Institute) and is the second file to split the exported data. In the E00 format, large GIS data can be split into multiple files for storage. The first file is named E00, the second file is named E01, the third file is named E02, and so on. The E02 file itself does not contain complete GIS data and must be used in conjunction with the E00 and E01 files to form a complete data set. This format is used to circumvent file size limitations when transferring or storing data.

MGI coordinate system was established by the Austrian Military Geographical Institute. It is a local coordinate system based on the Bessel ellipsoid and is mainly used for geographic information representation and spatial positioning in Austria. It uses the Transverse Mercator projection, with the central meridian at 13°20′ east longitude, the latitude of the projection origin at 0°, the easting offset of 1,500,000 meters, and the northing offset of 0 meters. It is a variant of the Gauss-Krüger projection and is widely used in Austria in many fields such as topographic mapping, land management, urban planning, and transportation planning, providing an accurate spatial reference frame for these fields.

SDW files (Shapefile World File) are one of the subsidiary files of Shapefile files, which are used to store the projection and coordinate system information of Shapefile. Shapefile is a commonly used Geographic Information System (GIS) data format for storing geospatial data and attribute data. SDW files are usually used together with Shapefile’s SHP files and other related files such as DBF and PRJ files.

MPK (Map Package) is a file format used to organize and transmit map data. It is a file type developed by Esri (Environmental Systems Research Institute) to package maps, layers, and related resources in a geographic information system (GIS) into a single file. MPK files store map data in a compressed form and can contain map layers, symbol styles, label settings, data sources, and other information.

**DXF **(Drawing Exchange Format) is a CAD data exchange file format developed by Autodesk, mainly used in AutoCAD software. DXF saves graphic data in text format to facilitate data exchange between different CAD software. Its file extension is “.dxf”, which can store graphic information (lines, circles, polylines, etc.), layer information, coordinates, text, and annotations in CAD drawings.

Mercator Projection is one of the most famous map projections. It was first proposed by Franz Walter Mercator (Gerardus Mercator) in 1569 and is mainly used for drawing nautical charts. Mercator projection is a kind of orthogonal cylindrical projection, also known as “standard cylindrical projection”. Its characteristic is that it can project the longitude and latitude coordinates of the earth onto a plane, keeping the angle unchanged, so it is very useful in navigation and aviation.

ACIS SAT (Standard ACIS Text) is a 3D geometric information format mainly used for processing 3D city models and geospatial data. ACIS is a solid modeling kernel developed by Spatial (now Dassault Systèmes) in the United States, and SAT is the most commonly used text format file saving method in ACIS.

In the GIS field, WN files usually refer to Work Network Files, which are used to store linear network data (such as roads, rivers, pipelines, etc.) in GIS, and contain structured information such as nodes (NOD), lines (LIN) and networks (NET).

SLPK (Scene Layer Package) file format is a file format used to store and share 3D scene data. The SLPK file is a packaging format in ArcGIS Pro software, which is used to package 3D scene data and related resources into a single file for easy sharing and transmission on the ArcGIS platform.