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Hotine projection, also known as a specific implementation of the Oblique Mercator projection, is a conformal map projection developed and popularized by British geodesist Martin Hotine in the mid-20th century for his geodetic work in British colonies, primarily in the Malay Peninsula.

Hammer projection is a modification of the Lambert azimuthal equal-area projection, also known as the Hammer–Aitoff projection. It was developed in 1892 by German cartographer Ernst von Hammer, who was inspired by the work of Russian cartographer David A. Aitoff and, as such, represents an improvement on the Aitoff projection.

Gall stereographic projection is a cylindrical projection that projects the Earth's surface from a point opposite the equator onto a cylindrical surface, with the standard parallel fixed at 45 degrees. Its characteristics are parallel straight lines and equal-length curves of longitude. The scale is accurate along the standard parallels and remains constant between parallels equidistant from the equator. While it is neither equal-area nor equidistant nor conformal, it balances the scale of mid-latitudes, avoiding excessive stretching at the poles or compression at the equator, while maintaining high shape fidelity.

Craster parabolic projection is a type of map projection classified as a pseudo-cylindrical projection that projects the Earth's surface onto a flat surface in a manner that approximates the shape of a parabola. This method was invented by John Craster in 1910 and is primarily used to create world maps. The map's parallels are straight and evenly spaced, while the meridians, except for the central meridian, are parabolic. It achieves a relatively smooth visual balance while minimizing area distortion, making it suitable for educational materials and visually easy-to-understand globe displays.

Berghaus Star Projection is a unique map projection that divides the entire surface of a globe into a star shape. It was invented in the 19th century by German geographer Hermann Berghaus and has been used primarily for decorative or educational purposes due to its beauty and unique composition. The variation used by the American Association of Geographers (AAG) in particular is known as an iconic design in geography.

Bonne Projection is a type of pseudo-conic projection in which all parallels are represented as concentric circular arcs, and meridians are drawn radiating from a central parallel. It was once widely used in the fields of geography and surveying because it minimizes distortion of area and shape at specific reference parallels (standard parallels). A distinctive feature of this projection is that the resulting map appears as a large heart, and it has historically been used for producing maps of countries and continents, particularly those of Europe.

Cassini Projection is a type of equilateral transverse Mercator projection devised by the Italian astronomer Jacques Cassini in the 18th century, and is intended to accurately represent areas along the central meridian. It is suitable for mapping elongated areas oriented north-south because it causes little distortion of shape and distance on and around the central meridian. However, distortion of shape and area increases the further away from the central meridian. Historically, it was used for many land surveys and military maps in the 19th century.

Winkel Tripel Projection is a map projection developed with the goal of projecting geographic information as balanced as possible on a map. It was invented by German geographer Oswald Winkel in 1921 and is a combination of the Equirectangular Projection and the Aitoff Projection. The name "Tripel" comes from the fact that distortions of latitude and longitude, area, and distance are kept to a "triple" level. It is used in many countries' atlases and educational materials to achieve a balanced appearance when displaying world maps.

Cube projection is a method of dividing the spherical surface of the Earth into six squares (each face of a cube), unfolding each square, and projecting it onto a flat surface. It is primarily used in 3D graphics, virtual reality (VR), spherical panoramas, and some GIS (geographic information systems), and is known as a method for efficiently mapping spherical data to 2D. Also known as a cube map, it has the advantage of being able to represent a three-dimensional environment.

Equidistant conic projection is a type of conic projection that projects the Earth onto a conical surface and displays it as a map. It is characterized by keeping the intervals between meridians and parallels constant. In particular, it is designed to minimize distortion of distance along one or two parallels called standard parallels. In this projection, meridians are drawn as straight lines radiating from the apex of the cone, and parallels are drawn as concentric circular arcs. It is often used for creating maps on a national or continental scale, as it can display large areas on Earth (mainly in the east-west direction) relatively accurately.