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Web Map Tile Service (WMTS), also known as Web Map Tile Service, is a solution that uses pre-generated tiles to provide electronic map services. The WMTS standard defines some operations that allow users to access tile maps. WMTS provides a standardized solution for publishing digital map services using a predefined tile method, making up for the inability of WMS (Web Map Service) to provide tiled maps. The purpose of the WMTS service is to provide services for tile maps.

**Web Coverage Service (WCS) **is a geographic information service protocol based on the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standard. It is designed to provide raster data (Coverage Data), allowing users to access and obtain geospatial coverage data through the Internet. Coverage data contains physical quantities or phenomena related to space, such as temperature, rainfall, altitude, etc. These data are usually stored in the form of regular grids or irregular grids, and are widely used in environmental monitoring, meteorological analysis, remote sensing data sharing and other fields.

Web Feature Service (WFS) is a service for online sharing and interoperability of geographic feature data in a network environment. It is based on a distributed computing platform that supports the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and provides functions such as query, acquisition, creation, locking, update, and deletion of geographic features and their attribute data. WFS uses Geography Markup Language (GML) to describe geographic feature data and defines a variety of operations to implement these functions, including GetCapabilities, DescribeFeatureType, GetFeature, LockFeature (LockFeature, which may not be included in some implementations), and Transaction.

Web Map Service (WMS) is a standard protocol defined by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) for requesting and displaying geospatial map images over the Internet. These images are generated from geographic data and are usually displayed in raster formats (such as PNG, JPEG). The core function of WMS is to provide users with visualization of geographic data through standardized HTTP requests without directly delivering the data itself.