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DigitalGlobe / Maxar Imagery API is a commercial satellite imagery delivery service and set of APIs provided by Maxar Technologies (formerly DigitalGlobe) in the United States. It is characterized by its ability to deliver sub-meter resolution optical satellite imagery, captured by high-performance Earth observation satellites such as WorldView and GeoEye, through an online API. Users can flexibly search, visualize, and download both the latest and archived imagery, making it a key foundational service for geospatial analysis, decision support, and both commercial and public applications.

Ordnance Survey National Transfer Format (NTF) is a spatial data exchange format developed by the Ordnance Survey (OS) of Great Britain. It is primarily used for the transfer and sharing of cadastral and topographic data. Based on the ISO 8211 standard and employing a binary encoding scheme, it facilitates efficient two-way transfer of national surveying and mapping data between local and central government systems. Its design incorporates three layers—physical file structure, logical model, and application protocol—ensuring the preservation of topological relationships and coordinate system compatibility during data conversion.

RPF (Raster Product Format, U.S. Department of Defense standard) is a standardized data structure established in 1994, serving as the U.S. military's standard for geospatial databases composed of rectangular arrays of pixel values (e.g., digitized maps or images) in compressed or uncompressed forms. Its intended purpose is to manage the design of a series of digital data exchange products, including digital maps, imagery, and other geospatial data for military applications. Designed to be a versatile and adaptable format for raster products, whether compressed or uncompressed, RPF aims to enable applications to directly use data stored in computer-readable RPF formats on exchange media (e.g., CD-ROMs) without requiring further conversion or manipulation. The format is characterized by a hierarchical directory structure, including a catalog file (sometimes referred to as an A.TOC file) and one or more frame directories representing raster data frames.

The Mapillary Map Traces / GPX service is an interface for providing trajectory data accompanying street-level imagery collection, offered by Mapillary. It enables the publication and retrieval of movement paths (traces) corresponding to street-level images captured and uploaded by users as geospatial data. Primarily delivered in standard formats such as GPX, it provides user movement trajectories—from walking, cycling, or driving—as time‑series coordinate data, allowing spatially‑linked analysis and visualization alongside street‑level imagery. These trace data are highly compatible with open‑map ecosystems like OpenStreetMap (OSM) and serve as an important supplementary data source for real‑world road and route information.

DGN (MicroStation Native Format) is a CAD file format developed based on Microsoft's OLE2 file structure, primarily used in 3D, BIM, and GIS industries. Developed by Bentley Systems, this CAD format is designed for recording and exchanging design data, offering a comprehensive data model and multi-layer drafting capabilities while supporting operation across multiple platforms.

LY (Polygon File Format / Stanford Triangle Format) is a file format for three-dimensional data primarily used in 3D scanning and computer graphics. Originally developed at Stanford University, it is characterized by its ability to flexibly describe not only shape information such as point clouds and polygon meshes but also attributes like color, normal vectors, and transparency. With a simple yet highly extensible structure, PLY is widely utilized across research and industrial applications, playing a key role in areas such as 3D modeling, visualization, reverse engineering, and digital preservation of cultural heritage.

USGS EarthExplorer is an official geospatial data search and distribution platform provided by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). It primarily offers a diverse range of remote sensing and terrain data—including satellite imagery, aerial photographs, digital elevation models (DEM), and land cover data—free of charge. EarthExplorer features a web‑based interface and also supports automated access via an Application Programming Interface (API), providing researchers and engineers with an efficient environment for acquiring and processing large‑scale data.

The OpenAerialMap API is a public API service for sharing and accessing aerial and drone imagery (aerial photographs and orthoimagery) operated under the principles of open source. It is primarily led by communities such as the Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team (HOT) and provides access to metadata and actual imagery data worldwide for purposes including disaster response, humanitarian aid, research, and public use. Through the API, users can search and retrieve aerial imagery based on criteria such as geographic area, acquisition date, resolution, and license terms, promoting the reuse and transparency of geospatial data.

DTED (Digital Terrain Elevation Data) is a regularly gridded dataset representing Earth's surface elevation. Designed by the U.S. National Geological Information Service, it is widely used in fields such as military navigation and disaster response. The data is classified into different resolution levels (e.g., DTED0, DTED1, and DTED2), corresponding to resolutions of 900 meters, 90 meters, and 30 meters, respectively. The latest data may reach DTED3 (12 meters). File names are based on longitude and latitude (e.g., E000 for 0-1 degrees east longitude, N05 for 5-6 degrees north latitude), with the suffix indicating the level (e.g., .DT1 for DTED1).

LAS/LAZ (LiDAR Point Cloud Format) files are standard formats for storing 3D point cloud data acquired through LiDAR technology, established by the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS). The LAS format uses a binary structure to store attributes such as 3D coordinates (X, Y, Z), intensity, return number, and classification for each point. LAZ is a compressed version of LAS that significantly reduces file size while maintaining data integrity.