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Raster data is a commonly used data format in geographic information systems (GIS). Its essence is a two-dimensional or three-dimensional data grid composed of a collection of pixels (grid cells). Each pixel (or cell) stores specific geographic information, such as terrain elevation, land use type, temperature or precipitation, expressed in the form of a numerical value. In the field of GIS, satellite images, aerial photos, digital elevation models (DEMs), etc. are usually stored and used in the form of raster data.

E02 file is part of the ArcInfo export file (E00 format) developed by ESRI (Environmental Systems Research Institute) and is the second file to split the exported data. In the E00 format, large GIS data can be split into multiple files for storage. The first file is named E00, the second file is named E01, the third file is named E02, and so on. The E02 file itself does not contain complete GIS data and must be used in conjunction with the E00 and E01 files to form a complete data set. This format is used to circumvent file size limitations when transferring or storing data.

SDW files (Shapefile World File) are one of the subsidiary files of Shapefile files, which are used to store the projection and coordinate system information of Shapefile. Shapefile is a commonly used Geographic Information System (GIS) data format for storing geospatial data and attribute data. SDW files are usually used together with Shapefile’s SHP files and other related files such as DBF and PRJ files.

MPK (Map Package) is a file format used to organize and transmit map data. It is a file type developed by Esri (Environmental Systems Research Institute) to package maps, layers, and related resources in a geographic information system (GIS) into a single file. MPK files store map data in a compressed form and can contain map layers, symbol styles, label settings, data sources, and other information.

**DXF **(Drawing Exchange Format) is a CAD data exchange file format developed by Autodesk, mainly used in AutoCAD software. DXF saves graphic data in text format to facilitate data exchange between different CAD software. Its file extension is “.dxf”, which can store graphic information (lines, circles, polylines, etc.), layer information, coordinates, text, and annotations in CAD drawings.

ACIS SAT (Standard ACIS Text) is a 3D geometric information format mainly used for processing 3D city models and geospatial data. ACIS is a solid modeling kernel developed by Spatial (now Dassault Systèmes) in the United States, and SAT is the most commonly used text format file saving method in ACIS.

In the GIS field, WN files usually refer to Work Network Files, which are used to store linear network data (such as roads, rivers, pipelines, etc.) in GIS, and contain structured information such as nodes (NOD), lines (LIN) and networks (NET).

SLPK (Scene Layer Package) file format is a file format used to store and share 3D scene data. The SLPK file is a packaging format in ArcGIS Pro software, which is used to package 3D scene data and related resources into a single file for easy sharing and transmission on the ArcGIS platform.

GeoPackage is a lightweight, high-performance geospatial information exchange and storage format standardized by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). Unlike traditional multi-file formats such as Shapefile or GeoTIFF, GeoPackage stores all spatial and attribute data in a single SQLite database file (.gpkg extension). GeoPackage is designed for mobile devices and web applications, and is particularly suitable for environments with limited storage capacity and performance.

In GIS, MDB refers to the extension of Microsoft Access Database files, which are used to store geospatial data and attribute data. MDB files are a common GIS data format that can contain geographic information such as vector data, raster data, attribute tables, and relationships. By using MDB files, GIS software can read and process geospatial data to perform operations such as map making, spatial analysis, and data query.