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CNSDTF (China National Standard Geospatial Data Exchange Format) is a national standard for geographic information system (GIS) data exchange in China. It unifies the storage and transmission formats of spatial data, such as vector and raster data, and addresses data compatibility issues across different platforms. Its core goal is to enable efficient cross-system sharing through structured file headers, feature parameters, and separated geometry/attribute data. It is widely used in fields such as land planning and environmental monitoring.

BAG (Bathymetric Attributed Grid) is an open, standardized data format used for marine surveying and seabed terrain modeling, developed and maintained by the Open Navigation Surface Working Group. It employs an HDF5 container to organize data, with core components including the bathymetric grid elevation layer (storing seabed depth values) and the uncertainty layer (recording depth measurement errors), while also supporting embedded metadata (e.g., coordinate reference systems, acquisition device parameters) and optional layers (such as sounding point density and seabed classification). The format utilizes tile-based compression technology to optimize the storage and transmission efficiency of large-scale seabed terrain data and is compatible with multi-resolution pyramid structures. It is one of the marine bathymetric data exchange standards recommended by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO).

ASCAT (Advanced Scatterometer) is a active microwave radar instrument carried aboard the MetOp series of polar-orbiting satellites operated by EUMETSAT . As a real aperture radar scatterometer, ASCAT transmits C-band (5.255 GHz) microwave pulses and measures the backscatter from the Earth's surface to derive key geophysical parameters . The primary operational application is ocean surface wind vector retrieval, providing measurements of wind speed and direction over global oceans . Additionally, ASCAT data is used for soil moisture monitoring over land surfaces and sea ice detection . The instrument features two independent swaths of backscatter measurements, enabling wide spatial coverage and frequent revisit times.

The XYZ format is one of the most fundamental and widely used point data formats for describing three‑dimensional positional information using X, Y, Z coordinate values. It is typically stored as a text (ASCII) file, with each line representing a single point containing planar coordinates (X, Y) and a height or depth value (Z). Thanks to its simple structure, the XYZ format is utilized across a broad range of fields, including topographic surveying, point‑cloud processing, 3D modeling, GIS, CAD, and remote sensing.

CityGML, an international standard for the exchange of 3D city model data developed by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), uses XML encoding to uniformly describe the geometric, topological, semantic, and appearance attributes of urban elements.

LVB is a proprietary geospatial data format developed by Beijing SuperMap Software Company, primarily used for storing and managing vector map data. Optimized for the SuperMap GIS platform, it supports efficient spatial data compression and fast retrieval, making it a popular choice for professional geographic information system applications in areas such as land planning and smart cities. It boasts strong compatibility and seamless integration with the SuperMap suite of software.

GeoJSONB is a binary format used in PostgreSQL databases for storing GeoJSON data. It enables the database to handle geospatial data in a more compact and efficient manner. This format is supported by the PostGIS extension for PostgreSQL, which is a specialized geospatial database extension designed to enhance PostgreSQL's capabilities in managing location-based information.

GeoPDF embeds geographic spatial information (such as latitude and longitude coordinates and coordinate reference systems) in standard PDF files, enabling ordinary PDF readers (such as Adobe Reader) to support geographic location viewing, map navigation, and basic geographic analysis functions, combining the portability of PDF with the data analysis capabilities of GIS.

COLLADA / DAE is an open standard 3D data format designed for the exchange of 3D models and digital assets. Managed by the Khronos Group, it is XML-based and can describe 3D geometry, materials, textures, animations, scene structures, and more. It is widely used as a "neutral exchange format" enabling data interoperability between different software applications in game engines, 3D CG production tools, BIM, and the 3D GIS field.

LandXML is an XML-based civil engineering data exchange format primarily used for sharing infrastructure design data such as roads, terrain, and land parcels between different CAD platforms. It uses standardized data structures to transfer geometric information (such as surfaces and COGO points) and attribute data between software like Autodesk Civil 3D. It supports specialized parameters such as northing/easting/elevation coordinate systems and station number disconnection. This format is particularly suitable for terrain processing and survey data import, effectively reducing model conversion time and maintaining data integrity.