JGD2011 (Japanese Geodetic Datum 2011 | EPSG:6668)

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Introduction

JGD2011 is a modern geocentric coordinate reference frame established by Japan in the early 21st century to replace the old Tokyo Datum (such as Tokyo 1918). Its core is based on the GRS80 ellipsoid, with the origin aligned with the center of mass of the earth, and the coordinate axis pointing in accordance with international standards (such as the prime meridian passing through Greenwich). This framework is implemented through space geodetic technologies such as GNSS and VLBI, with an accuracy of centimeters. It can dynamically reflect plate movement and earth deformation, and is suitable for high-precision geographic positioning needs in Japan and surrounding waters, and is gradually connected with international coordinate systems (such as ITRF).

Coordinate System Composition

**Origin: **The origin of the coordinate system is set to the center of mass of the earth, ensuring that the coordinate calculation is based on the global unified benchmark and complies with the international geocentric coordinate system standard.
Coordinate axis: The spatial dimension is defined by a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system. The X axis points to the intersection of the prime meridian (Greenwich meridian) and the equatorial plane, the Y axis is perpendicular to the XZ plane to form a right-handed system, and the Z axis coincides with the earth’s rotation axis and points to the North Pole.
Ellipsoid parameters: Based on the GRS80 ellipsoid model, the major semi-axis is 6378137 meters, the inverse of the flattening is 298.257222101, and the high-precision calculation of the geographic space position is achieved through the ellipsoid parameters.
Datum: With the GRS80 ellipsoid as the datum, the coordinate frame is determined by the positioning relationship between the ellipsoid and the surface point, supporting the centimeter-level positioning accuracy requirements.
**Dynamicity: **Dynamic updates are achieved through space geodetic technologies such as GNSS, which can monitor plate movement and earth deformation to ensure the long-term stability of the coordinate system.

Pros

High precision: Using modern technologies such as GNSS, the positioning accuracy is significantly improved to meet the high-precision requirements of engineering surveying, mapping, etc.
Dynamic update: It can monitor plate movement and earth deformation, and adapt to the long-term positioning needs of areas with frequent geological activities.
International compatibility: Aligned with global coordinate systems such as ITRF, it facilitates cross-border geographic information collaboration and data sharing.

Cons

Regional limitations: Mainly for Japan and surrounding waters, coordinates need to be converted for other areas, increasing application complexity.
Technical dependence: Relying on high-precision equipment and continuous observation, maintenance costs are high, and the application threshold is high for developing countries or remote areas.

Application Scenario

JGD2011 (Japanese Geodetic Datum 2011) is suitable for scenarios requiring high-precision geographic positioning in Japan and surrounding waters, such as engineering surveying, mapping, and geological disaster monitoring. Its centimeter-level positioning accuracy can meet the needs of precision equipment installation, topographic mapping, and plate movement monitoring. However, due to its regional design, coordinate conversion is required for cross-border applications.

Example

JGD2011.

Magnitude of the coordinate correction parameter for the “Tohoku Pacific Coast Earthquake Correction Parameter”.