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The Behrmann Cylindrical Equal-Area Projection is an equal-area azimuthal projection distinguished by its ability to accurately preserve distances and directions from a central point. By projecting each point on the Earth onto a flat surface, this projection method faithfully represents geographical features and relative positional relationships, making it widely applicable in fields such as cartography and geographic information systems.

Boggs Eumorphic Projection is a pseudocylindrical equal-area map projection used for world maps, often featuring multiple interruptions. Its equal-area characteristic makes it suitable for displaying the spatial distribution of phenomena. Proposed by Samuel Whittemore Boggs (1889–1954) in 1929, this projection aimed to provide an alternative to the Mercator projection for representing global regional relationships. Boggs served as the Geographer of the U.S. Department of State from 1924 until his death. The Boggs Eumorphic Projection is occasionally used in textbooks and atlases.

Hammer–Aitoff variant is an improved version of the Lambert azimuthal equal-area projection. The Hammer projection is an equal-area projection with an elliptical graticule. It is also referred to as the Hammer–Aitoff projection. This projection is suitable for small-scale mapping.

Aitoff projection is a specialized map projection method first proposed by the German mathematician David A. Aitoff in 1889. As a compromise projection, it aims to balance distortions in angle, area, and distance, making it suitable for global overview maps. The Aitoff projection is an improvement upon the azimuthal equidistant projection. By horizontally stretching the original hemispherical projection to twice its width, it forms an elliptical map where the width is double the height. This projection is particularly well-suited for displaying regions centered on specific points, such as polar areas or cities, while providing a relatively balanced view of the world.

New Zealand Map Grid Projection is a conformal map projection technology specifically designed for large-scale mapping of New Zealand. It employs the complex Cauchy-Riemann equations for projection calculations, with its central point set at 173° East longitude and 41° South latitude. It is important to note that this projection method is only suitable for large-scale mapping within New Zealand and may not be applicable for mapping other regions.

Gnomonic Projection is a perspective azimuthal projection that uses the center of the sphere as the light source. It projects great circles on the spherical surface (such as meridians and the equator) as straight lines, making it commonly used in navigation, astronomy, and seismic analysis. Its key characteristic is the absence of distortion at the projection center, but extreme distortion occurs at the edges. While suitable for mapping great-circle routes or analyzing linear paths, it does not preserve area or angular relationships.

Wagner IV Projection is an equal area pseudo cylindrical map projection proposed by Karl Wagner, suitable for world map drawing. Its characteristics are that the longitude is an elliptical curve, the latitude is a straight line, the poles are straight and half the length of the equator, it can maintain equal area but has distortion in shape and angle, especially suitable for small-scale equal area world maps.

Vertical Near-Side Perspective Projection is a perspective projection method that observes the Earth from a limited distance (such as a satellite or high altitude) vertically downwards. It simulates the visual effects of the human eye or camera through the center projection method, presenting a sense of depth from near to far. It is commonly used for visualizing satellite images or 3D maps, which can enhance spatial depth perception. However, due to the convergence of projection lines at the viewpoint, it cannot maintain the actual size of objects and is only suitable for intuitive display rather than precise measurement.

The latitude and longitude network of a 2-point Equidistance Projection typically exhibits complex curves that do not maintain symmetry, with deformations in shape, area, and direction, but can preserve the true distance between two selected points and other points. The National Geographic Society of the United States once applied it to map Asia, while Bell Telephone System Company used an improved version to calculate long-distance telephone rates. The projection parameters include the east offset, north offset, and latitude and longitude coordinates of two points, and only support spherical models. Elliptical models cannot fully maintain equidistant properties. When two projection points coincide, the projection is transformed into an equidistant azimuthal projection.

Times projection is a compromise pseudocylindrical map projection developed by John Moir in 1965 for the British cartographic company Bartholomew Ltd. It is based on a modified Gall stereographic projection, but with meridians as curved lines rather than straight lines.