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Reverse Geocoding API is a technical interface that converts longitude and latitude coordinates into human-readable addresses. It automatically returns the corresponding structured address information (such as "Tiananmen Square, Dongcheng District, Beijing") by inputting GPS coordinates (such as 116.404,39.915), and supports the attachment of surrounding POI (points of interest) data. This service is widely used in map navigation, logistics tracking, location analysis and other scenarios, and is one of the core components of LBS (location-based services).

Geocoding API is a service for converting addresses into geographic coordinates (such as longitude and latitude) and converting geographic coordinates into human-readable addresses. It is widely used in map and location-related applications.

USGS Landsat Look Viewer API is an online tool provided by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) that allows users to browse and download Landsat satellite images since 1972, supporting multiple data types and advanced query functions. LandsatLook Viewer API aims to provide Geographic Information System (GIS) users with an efficient and convenient way to obtain and analyze Landsat images, and is an important tool for remote sensing research and environmental monitoring. Users can obtain more detailed instructions and development support by reading the official documentation.

Web Feature Service (WFS) is a service for online sharing and interoperability of geographic feature data in a network environment. It is based on a distributed computing platform that supports the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and provides functions such as query, acquisition, creation, locking, update, and deletion of geographic features and their attribute data. WFS uses Geography Markup Language (GML) to describe geographic feature data and defines a variety of operations to implement these functions, including GetCapabilities, DescribeFeatureType, GetFeature, LockFeature (LockFeature, which may not be included in some implementations), and Transaction.

OGC API - Coverages is a geospatial data service specification developed by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), which aims to provide a standardized interface for continuous coverage data such as raster data and spatiotemporal grids. It defines how to access, query and process coverage data through a RESTful API, supports data types such as raster data band information and raster pixels, and is widely used in remote sensing, meteorology, oceanography and other fields.

**Google Earth Engine (GEE) **is a cloud-based geospatial analysis platform provided by Google, which can use earth observation data for large-scale analysis and visualization. Its feature is that it can efficiently and quickly process large-capacity, multi-dimensional information such as remote sensing images, geospatial data, and climate data in the cloud. Users can access rich archival resources from major satellite data providers such as NASA, USGS, and ESA for free, and write scripts using programming languages (JavaScript or Python), which are widely used in many fields such as surface change analysis, climate modeling, agricultural monitoring, and forest management.

CARTO Tiles API is an interface provided by the CARTO platform for efficiently processing and visualizing geospatial data. By splitting large datasets into pre-rendered tiles, it optimizes map loading speed and browsing experience, supporting various tile types such as dynamic and aggregated tiles. Built on the OGC API-Tiles standard, it integrates with CARTO’s declarative language, deck.gl, enabling flexible map styling and interactive application development.

TomTom Maps SDK / Web API is a toolkit integrated into web and mobile applications to build location-based service experiences. It provides map display, route planning, style customization, and data analysis capabilities, supporting multi-platform usage. The SDK allows developers to display multiple entity locations simultaneously on maps via API calls and leverages millions of data points collected by TomTom for efficient development. Compatible with both web-based and native mobile application platforms, it is suitable for various scenarios such as automotive navigation, public sector decision-making, autonomous driving, and logistics management.

MapQuest API is an application programming interface that provides location-based services such as geocoding, route planning, and POI search. Developers can invoke its services by sending HTTP requests, for example, to convert addresses into coordinates or calculate driving routes. It supports multiple map data sources (e.g., OpenStreetMap, Bing Maps) and allows free access to basic services through an API key. This API is commonly used in scenarios like logistics optimization and location sharing. For instance, one organization utilized it to reduce meal delivery route planning time and costs.

Esri GeoEvent Server is an enterprise-level software provided by Esri, designed for real-time processing, analysis, and dissemination of event-based geospatial data streams. It can connect to multiple real-time data sources, perform real-time analysis on event data through filters and processors, and deliver processed results to client applications, feature services, dashboards, or other destinations. This technology is commonly used in smart cities, traffic monitoring, and other scenarios requiring real-time responsiveness, helping users quickly adapt to dynamic changes.