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NWD (Navisworks Document) is a common file format in GIS (Geographic Information System) for storing and sharing 3D modeling data. NWD files are generated by Autodesk’s Navisworks software, which allows users to integrate 3D models, point cloud data, engineering information, etc. from multiple sources into a centralized project file.

WB files are a special format used in spatial data processing software to support web-based spatial slicing services. This format is particularly used to save and publish terrain data or image data after slicing. As a form of integrated management file, it enables efficient loading and online publishing of data. As a self-contained data package containing the hierarchical structure and metadata of terrain or image slices, WB files are widely used in lightweight deployment scenarios.

RDC (IDRISI Raster Documentation File) is a format that stores raster data as a three-dimensional data cube. Each data unit consists of spatial location, time, and attribute values. In RDC, the spatial location can be longitude and latitude, UTM coordinates, or other geographic spatial reference systems. The time can be one or more time series, which can represent data at multiple time points or time series data. The attribute value is the characteristic data of the raster cell, such as temperature, altitude, or other geographic information.

JPEG 2000 is one of the international standards for image compression and is an improvement on the traditional JPEG (ISO/IEC 10918). It was standardized as ISO/IEC 15444 in 2000 and achieves high compression ratio and high image quality by adopting wavelet compression technology.

SHP (Shapefile) is a commonly used GIS data format. It is a vector data format designed by ESRI (Environmental Science Research Institute) and can be used to store and edit various geographic information data, such as points, lines, and surfaces. SHP files are a binary-based format that contains the geometric information and attribute information of geographic entities.

SBN files are spatial data index files used in ArcGIS software by Esri and exist as part of SHP files (Shapefiles). SBN files mainly store spatial index information and play a role in accelerating the spatial query and display speed of Shapefiles.

**MVT **(MapBox Vector Tile) is a map vector tile format developed and launched by Mapbox. It uses vector data slicing and compression technology to cut geographic data into small vector tiles for fast loading and rendering in web maps and mobile applications.

OVR (Overview File) is a file format used to optimize the rapid access and visualization of large-scale imagery or geographic data. It is commonly used in geographic information systems (GIS) as a pyramid file or thumbnail storage method for image data, helping users quickly load, view, and process image data at different resolutions. OVR files reduce the frequent access to original high-resolution data by pre-generating image data of different resolutions, thus significantly improving data rendering efficiency.

MPJ files are project file formats used by MapInfo Professional to manage project information related to Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The file itself does not store geographic data, but contains reference information for multiple data files and layers associated with the project. MPJ is mainly used to save project settings and configuration information, including map display status, data source path, layer structure, and style settings. Therefore, MPJ files play an important role in reproducing the visualization and editing of geographic data.

MBTiles is a commonly used geospatial data format. It is a specification for storing map data in a tile-based manner. MBTiles files segment and encode map data in the form of tiles for fast display and interaction in GIS applications or online map services.